FU CHIN DAN

Table 28 :

Fu ching State lian zinga an thar hlawk dan (ton/ha) chu hetiang hi a ni.

State	Productivity (tones/ha)
Andhra Pradesh	76.7
Bihar	42.8
Gujarat	74.0
Haryana	64.4
Karnataka	83.4
Kerela	134.7
Maharastra	77.5
Punjab	57.8
Orissa	65.8
Rajasthan	61.0
Tamil Nadu	104.6
Uttar Pradesh	58.2
West Bengal	83.1
Uttarakhand	60.7
India	66.9

Source : Indian Farming : January, 2010. Page – 8

  Hetih lai hian Sugarcane Breeding Institute Coimbatore-a Scientist te chuan India rama fu thar hlawk ber chu Kerala ni lovin Tamil Nadu State a ni an ti. India ramah hian fu kan chinna a rei tawh dan leh kan chinna ram zauh dan ngaihtuahin kan la thar hlawk lo hle reng a ni. (40 t/ha).

FU CHI THA TE :

Recommended varieties :

Fu kan chin dawn hian thar hlawk leh hrisel kan thlang tur a ni a. Mizorama kan lo chin mekte pawh a awm a, tin, phai lam atangin a thar hlawk zawk leh hrisel zawkte pawk kan lo chaw chhuak tawh thin a. Hetiang hi a kung a te zawk nain a tui a tak a, chini leh kurtai atan a hlawk zawk. Tin, fu chi hrang hrang zingah pawh peng tha duh deuh kan thlang bawk tur a ni. Mizorama kan fu chin mekte chu Fupawl, Fusen, Rialchini (Fu]ial), Jorhat leh Kurtai fu te an ni. Fu chi tha lakchhuah leh chin atana thate chu.

Table 29 :

<

Sl no.	Varieties	Maturity	Cane Yield t/ha	Gur recovery %	Sucrose content %	Special feature
1.	Co BLN 9605,Dhansiri	Mid late	96.67	10-12	20.02	Ms to Red rot and borer, tolerant to drought and mod tolerant to water logging. Profuse tiller, good ratooner.
2	Co BLN 9101Daria	Early	81.41	10-12	19.36	Profuse tiller, good ratooner & nonflowering, MS to Red rot and MS toborer, tolerant to drought and succeptible to water logging.
3.	Co BLN 9102 Kalang	Early	87.65	10-12	18.26	Profuse tiller, good ratooner & nonflowering, MS to Red rot and MS toborer, tolerant to drought and succeptible to water logging.
4	Co BLN 9103Barak	Early	86.76	10-12	19.18	Profuse tiller, good ratooner & nonflowering tolerant to lodging, MS toRed rot and MS to borer, tolerant to drought and succeptible to water logging.
5	Co BLN 9104Lohit	Mid late	80.6	10-12	19.62	MR to Red rot and MS to borers, tolerant to drought and succeptibleto water logging.
6.	Co 1008	Early	70-80	9-10	16-18	Profuse tiller & good ratooner
7.	Co 6315	Mid Early	70-81	9-10	18-19	Profuse tiller & good ratooner
8.	Co 997	Early and Mid early	70-81	10-12	18-20	Profuse tiller, good ratooner and drought resistant
9.	CoS 8436	Early	65-78	-	16.5-19.5	Good tiller, doesn't lodge andresistant to wilt. Canes ar hand and short.
10	CoS 88230 Rasgulla	Early	71.75	-	17.5-19.5	Canes are very soft and sweet,succeptible to stem and shoot borer.
11	CoS 96268	Early	80-90	-	16.7-17.8	Produces good ratoon and doesn't lodge
12	CoP 94211	Early	65.75	-	18.5	Moderately resistant toRed rot diseases
13	CoS 767	Mid late	77-88	-	16-18	Suitable for prolematic area likedrought, frost, saline & alkaline soil.Not lodge and good for ratooning.
14	CoP 90223	Mid late	80-85	-	19	Good germination ability with heavycanes, non lodging and produces excellent ratoon. Resistant to water logging, frost and red rot.
15	CoP 84212	Mid late	80-86	-	19	Canes are erect, medium thick, solidand soft. Resistant to lodging andmoderately resistant to red rot,smut and wilt.

MR - Moderately Resistant; MS - Moderately Susceptible

VARIETY DANG :

  India rama fu variety tam tak, ]ha tak tak bawk zingah a hnuaia mite hi beiseiawm zual (promising variety) an ni a, i han en teh ang. Zoramah pawh chhin ve a chakawm hle mai. A taka research stationa hmuh pawhin an itawm hle a ni.

FU CHI LAK DAN :

  Fu chi lak hian duhtui hle a tha. Duhthusamah chuan a ler lam atanga lak a tha. Fu chi pakhatin chang (mit) 2 emaw 3 emaw a nei tur a ni. Fu hrisel atangin a chi lak tur a ni a, chuvangin red rot (a chhung sen), wilt leh smut natna vei atanga a chi lak loh tur a ni a, a kung nget pawh a chi lak nan thlan loh tur. A theih hram chuan red rot natna vei awmlohna fu hmun atang ngeia a chi lak tur a ni.

Table 30 :

Characteristic	Co 86032 Nayana	Co 8371	Co 94008 Shyama	Co 2001-13 Sulabh	Co 99004 Damodar
Cane yield (t/ha)	120	117.70	120	108.60	116.82
CCS (t/ha)	15.22	15.51	14.73	16.09
Sucrose (%)	19.19	18.62	18.02	19.03	19.21
Jaggery	A1	A1	A1
Smut	Resistant	Resistant	Mod-Resistant
Wild	mod-Resistant
Red rot	mod-Resistant field tolerance		Mod-Resistant
Drought			Tolerant	mod-Resistant
Water logging		Tolerant

Table 31 : Fu feh chi (Chewing Variety) :

Sl No.	Varieties	Maturity	Cane Yield t/ha	Gur recovery %	Sucrose content	Special Feature
1	Co 7401	Early and Mid early	60-70	-	18-20
2	Co 1148	Early and Mid early	60-71	-	18-21
3	Co 7107	Early and Mid early	60-72	-	18-22

  Fu chi tha nei tur chuan a hranpaa fu chi tur a hmuna siam a tha. Tam tham kan mamawh dawn phei chuan siam ngei a tha a, tunlai phei chuan fu huan siam thar tur tan pawh fu chi duhtawk hmuh tur a vang thin hle a ni. Hei vang hian duhtui a har phah thin a, a awm apiang lak a ngai a, a tha lo leh hrisel lo lak tel a awl bawk. A chi a hralh hi kurtaia hralh aiin a hlawk zawk thei bawk.

  Fu tlawn chanve ler lam emaw hmun thuma thena a ler lam hmun hnih atangin a chi lak tur a ni. A tlangpuiin a bul lam aiin a mit a nung tha, a chawr duhin a chawr hma zawk bawk. Hei hi a la no vang leh sucrose a pai tam zawk vang a ni. Duhdan takah chuan fukung thla 8-10 vel upa atanga a chi lak a tha. Mitam takin a ler an duh laiin Kawnpui leh fu chinguar khua a fu huan nei thil chik miten phun atan an duh lo. A chawr hma nain a thang tha lo zawk an ti. Chhipphir leh Bungtlang khuaa huan neitu thenkhat erawh chuan fu chi dang ang bawkin phun ila sawisel tur a awm lo, a chawr hma si, a tha a ni an ti thung.

FU CHI BUATSAIH LEH DAMDAWIA CHIAH :

  Fu chi atana kan thliahin a hnah ro kan paih laiin a mit tichhe lo tura fimkhur taka a hnah hlawi tur. Sawi tawh angin fu chi chu mit 2 emaw 3 emaw nei tura tan thliah thliah tur a ni.

  Fu chi te chu Captan emaw Mancozeb damdawi 0.2% a dal a siam tuiah emaw Carbendazim 0.1 % a dal a siam tuiah emaw phun hma a chiah phawt tur a ni. Hetia fu chi chiah a lakchhuah hian a tui a lo tlem tial tial a, a chanve vela a kiam hnuah a tir a mi anga chhun khah leh thin tur a ni. A damdawi tak lam pawh a ngai reng a ni tur a ni. Hei hi fu natna laka veng tura tih a ni. Fanghmir leh tlumpi laka veng turin chlorpyriphos hman a tha hle. DDT emaw BHC emaw hman hauh loh tur.

FU HMUN THLAN DAN LEH BUATSAIH DAN :

  Fu hmun atan chuan leitha, hmunhma rem leh tuitlin theihlohna ram kan thlang tur a ni. Mizoramah hian fu huan kan siamin thingtlang lovah kan ching bera, phaizawl emaw leiletah phei chuan kan la ching ngailo ni berin a lang. Phaizawlah chuan khawl emaw bawng leh lawi emaw hmanga lei leh hnu hrut rual tawhah a thlurin lei rihkhuar tur a ni a, tah chuan fu chi a tlara tlar tur a ni. Thingtlang lovah erawh chuan fu bi tur tuthlawhin an lai hmasa thung thin.

  Chutianga fu chinna tur a thlura an rihkhuar chu cm 75-90 a inhlata tih tur a ni a, chu chu ft. 2.5-3.0 a inhlat tihna a ni. A zau zawng pawh cm 25, chu chu inch 10 a zau a ni a, a thuk zawng pawh cm 20, chu chu inch 8 a ni.

  Fu chingtu thenkhatin fu phun nghal mai dawn loh chuan a khur laih lawk an duh lo, lei a rova fu chi a thi duh an ti. Phun chawpa laih erawh chu a buaithlak a, laihlawk tluk a awm lo, rial reilo ila, chubakah ruah sur hnaih emaw, a sur banah a khur laih saah phun ila a tha mai.

  Tlangramah erawh chuan fu bi emaw a khur kan lai thin a, kan lai zau tawk lo fo. Kan fu chin tur azirin a tlar inkar ft. 4-6 a inhlat a tlar a a bi inkar ft 3-4 vela laih tur a ni. A tlar leh a bi inkar hlat zawng hi fu chin tur bakah a ram rem leh remloh danin a rel thei bawk. A khur laih that hian fu biah leitha a lo tling khawm a, fu a tlu kar lo bawka, chuvangin lian deuh leh thuk deuhva laih a, a tlar leh a bi inkar mumal taka rem tur a ni. Hei hian hlothlawh, leitha pek, futhliah leh put khawm bakah kawng hrang hrangah tangkaina a nei a ni. Fu tlar hi mual dung tan zawnga rem tur a ni. A bi hi inzawn thlap se a tha a, lungthu anga laih pawh a pawi lo, a tlar leh a bi a inzawn dawn tho chuan.

FU PHUN HUN :

  Thingtlang lovah chuan kangvarah March thla atanga May thla chhung hi fu phun hun a ni. March thla chhunga fu phun zawh hman hi fu huan siamtu thenkhatin an fak hle, tlumpi leh fanghmir lakah a him an ti.

  Phairam leileta fu an chinnaah chuan kum khatah phun hun pahnih an nei a, a hmasa chu March thla a ni a, tuipek tur a awm chuan January thla chawhnu lam leh February thla vela phun hi an fak. Keini pawh leiletah te phun ve ila, March vel hi kan tan phun hun a ni ang. A hnuhnung zawk autumn planting an tih chu October vel hi a ni a, buh thar rang seng zawh vel anih chu. Fu tlar karah thlasik thlai, tel antam leh thlai dang chin a remchang bawk

FU PHUN DAN LEH A CHI MAMAWH DAN :

  1. Pit Method : Hei hi a khur emaw a bi laia fu phun hi a ni. Fu chi mit 2 emaw 3 emaw nei chu a bi-ah chuan a khampheiin an dah a leiin an vur nghal thin. Fu chi chu a ler a mi a nih chuan a awnin an phun thung a, a ler lam hi chung lama dahin lei chungah a lawr thin. Sawi tawh angin fu ler a chi atana lak a, a awna lei chunga a lawra phun hi mi tam takin an duh lova, fu chi dang ang bawka leia phum eawh chu an duh thung. Fu phun hma hian a chi chu damdawia chiah hmasak phawt tur a ni. Phun hma emaw phun zawh chiaha tuipek theih a nih chuan duhthusam a ni. Fu tlar inkar hi ft 4-6 a inhlat nise, a tlara a bi inkar hi ft 3-4 vel ni bawk sela a tawk. A tlar leh a bi inkar mumal taka laih hi kawng hrang hrangin a tangkai. Khaw tam berah fu huan neituten bi khatah pakhat an phun laiin khaw thenkhatah pahnih (2) an phun a, an fak bawk. Fu chi erawh chu ngah tawk a ngai deuh ang. }henkhat erawh chuan bi 1 ah 6-8 lai an phun bawk.

  2. Flat Method : Flat Method ah chuan leilehna (local plough or cultivator) hmangin inch 3-4 a thuk an hrut khuar a, tah chuan fu chi te chu insi patin an tlar a, rih vurin an hrut rual nghal thin. Fu tlar inkar hi ft 21⁄2- ft 3 a inhlat ni rawhse. Hetianga fu chinna tur chuan ram zawl emaw ram rem, tui lak nen a chawm theihna hmun emaw chutiang anih em loh pawhin hmunhma rem a tih chi a ni a, a lei pawhin hnawng pawm thei deuh nise a tha. Sub Tropical ram, tui lak nen a chawm theihna hmunah uar taka fu chingtuten hetiang hian fu an ching thin. Thlai dang nen a chin kar thlak (intercropping) pawh a rem.

  3. Furrow Method : Inch 4-6 a thukin a thlurin lei an hrut khuara, chutiang atana hmanrua chu sugarcane ridger an ti a. Hmanraw remchang dang pawh a hman theih tho. Chung lei hrut khuarah chuan fu chi insi patin an tlar thin. A chanve velin an rihvur a, a chanve dang erawh chu chhilh lovin an dah phawt thin. Hetia fu chi leia vur veleh hian tui an pe zui nghal bawk thin. Furrow method hi tui remchen a ngaihna hmun, leithawl deuh leh tlema ram awihtlan deuh hmuna fu phun dan atan a tha.

FU CHI MAMAWH ZAT :

  Flat Method leh Furrow Method a fu kan phun dawn chuan hectare khat hmunah fu chi 45,000-52,000 (65-75 qtl) a ngai a, Pit Method-ah erawh chuan a ngai tlem deuhva, hectare khat hmunah tho, bi khata pahnih zel phunin 8700 vel a ngai a, bi khatah pakhat zel kan phun erawh chuan 4500 vel a tawk. Fu huan nei thin thenkhat ten bi khata 2 phun hi ngai an ti hauh lo.

LEITHA PEK :

  Fu hi leitha heh tak a ni a. Thar hlawk tur chuan leithaa chawm that hle a ngai. Nitrogen pek tur emaw pek ngai chanve hi organic manure hmanga pek tur a ni. Organic manure (FYM) emaw compost pek tur zat hi fu huan hectare khat a zauvah qtl 100 vel a ni a, chu chu fu khur emaw a chinna tur rihkhuarah phun hmaa lo pek lawk tur a ni. Organic manure bakah a hnuaia fertilizer pek tur zat ang hi pek tur a ni.

Table 32 :

Nutrient	Pek ngai zat (kg/ha)	Fertilizer pek tur	Fertilizer pek tur zat (kg/ha)
N	135	Urea	300
P2O2	70	SSP	440
K2O	60	MOP	100
Or		Urea	235
		DAP	150
		MOP	100

  Fu phun hmain Phosphorus leitha zawng zawng leh Potash leitha zatve hi uluk taka lei nena chawhpawlhin a khurah lo pek hmasak vek tur a ni. Nitrogen leitha erawh chu hmun hniha thenin 1/3 chu fu phun ruala pek tur a ni a, a bang 2/3 chu fu bi/khur rihvur hmasak ruala pek leh tur a ni. Potash leitha chanve la awm pawh hi urea leitha 2/3 pek rual hian pek tur a ni. Nitrogen fertilizer te hi fu phun atanga ni 90-100 chhungin pek zawh vek tur a ni. Fimkhur leh dik taka pek tur a ni a, pek tlemin fu tharin a tlakhniam phaha, pek tam luat lahin a sucrose pai tlahniam in fu quality a tichhe bawk si. Nitrogen pek tam vangin fu in a tluk phah thin a, a puitlin har phah thin bawk, chu chu thliah hun a thlen har phah tihna a ni.

  Mizoramah te hi chuan fu huan hi kum 5 atanga kum 8 thlengte pawhin kan enkawl thin a, chuvangin leitha pawh hi a chunga kan sawi ang lo deuhva pek a tul ang, chu chu chik taka zir a ngai ang. A chhan chu a chunga leitha pek dan kan sawi khi chu fu phun kuma thliah zawh a her zawh vek tur chawmna tura chhut a nih vang a ni. Fu thliah leh her zawh hnuah lei hnawn laiin kum tina fertilizer pe tura inngaih a tha ang. A kum hnihna atang hian nitrogen fertilizerte hi a hmaa kan pek aia zaa 25 (%) a sanga pek tur a ni a, Phosphorus leh Potash leitha te pawh hectare khat hmunah kg 60 kan pe thin tur a ni.

FU Bl AWL HNAWHKHAH :

  Kan fu phun zawng zawng kha a chawr vek kher lo thei a, a chawr pawhin rintlak loh pawh a awm thei. A bi awl hi a tha lo hle mai a. Chuvangin hnawhkhah leh zel a tha. Hei hi a kum hnih leh thumnaah pawh hriatreng tur a ni.

CHINAI THI HMAN :

  Kan ram lei hi a thur a, chinai thi hman a tha. Hman zat tur chu lei test result in hril se, hectare khatah 10-20 qtl vel hmang ila a tawk ang. Fu phun hmaa bi laih lai emaw, lei leh laia phul tur a ni. Leithur lutukin fu san lamah nghawng a nei a, a peng a titlem bawk. Chinai thi hman a that avangin kum tina pek a ngai chuang lo, kum 3-4 dana pek tur a ni.

BIOFERTILIZER HMAN :

  Biofertilizer hman hi a hlawk hle. Chung zingah chuan Azospyrillum leh Phosphobacteria te an ni. A hman zat tur chu hectare khata zau fu huan atan kg 5 ve ve a tawk. Biofertilizer hi a tui chi (liquid) pawh a awm a, chutiang chu drip irrigation hmanga pek a remchang. Chutiang anih loh vek chuan Biofertilizer kg 1 tui litre 100 a chawhtuia fu chi minute 30 chhung chiah a phun zui tur a ni. Biofertilizer hman dan dang leh chu ran ek leitha emaw compost emaw pressmud tihdip nena tha taka chawhpawlh fu bula pek a ni. Biofertilizer kg 1 leh chutiang leitha kg 500 chawhpawlh a tawk. Hetia kan pek zawh hian leia rih vura, tui pek zui a ngai a, a nih loh vek chuan leihnawn laia pek a tha, biofertilizer ten hnawng an mamawh ve avangin. Fimkhur ngai chu biofertilizer leh rannung thahna tûrte, hlo tûrte leh chemical fertilizer te kan hman pawlh tur a ni lo. Kar a tla tur a ni a, chemical fertilizer leh biofertilizer hman inkarah ni 10 tal a tla tur a ni.

RIHVUR :

  Fu phun hnu thla 1-2 ah fu bi emaw a khurte chu rihvur sek tur a ni. A vawihnihna chu a vawikhatna atanga thla 1-2 velah bawk rihvur leh tur a ni. A vawihnihna hi fu pen vanglai, ruah hmasa lo thlen huna tih turah a ngaih theih bawk. Hetia rihvur hian fu peng tlai khawhnu a dang thei bawk. Rihvur hian a khuar lai kha a pawng zawkah a lo tang a, a bul vel a hmaa pawng zawk kha a khuar Iaiah a lo chang thin. Chu chu phaizawl emaw, leilet zawlah chuan tui kawngah a hman theih a, Chutiang a nih loh pawhin tui tam lutuk paih nan a tangkai. Mizoram fu chingtu thenkhat chuan fu bul rihvur nasat hian a zung a lo pawnlang tial tial a, a tlukar duh an ti a, rihvur an duh lo.

THLAI VENHIM :

1.   Thlai eichhetute :

  a) Tlumpi, fanghmir leh vual - Tlumpi hian phun hlim atangin a bei nghal a, a hnah hnuai hnung a lo ro hmasa thin. Malathion 5% dust fu huan hectare 1-a zau atan kg 20-24 fu khurah phul tur. Chlorpyriphos 20EC 0.2% a dal pawh leih emaw kahin emaw tlumpi, fanghmir leh vual a thah theih.

  b) Wooly aphids, Mealy bugs leh Thrips - A eng ber pawh lo lang se a lo lan hun hunah a hnuaia tûr engber emaw hi hman tur a ni. Wooly aphid a awm chuan a rang a rangin sooty mould a awm zui loh nan control dan ngaihtuah nghal tur a ni.

Table 33 :

Insecticide	Hectare 1-a hman tur zat	A pawlhna tur tui ngai zat (I)
Malathion	1.5 lit	800
Phosphamidon	400-500 ml	800
Dimethoate	1.01 lit	800

2.  NATNA :

   a) Red rot : Red rot natna vei fu chu a rova, a thi zui thin. Fu chu vuaiin a sawng a. A hnah leh a kau a rova, fu chu a laia phel chuan a senin a kap a, a nasat phei chuan a sen vek thin.

Buaipui dan :

i)  Red rot vei fu hung chu a zung nen lam pawh phawi a hal ral tur.

ii)  Chutiang natna vei chu zuah a, a kum leh atan pawha enkawl zui hauh loh tur.

iii)  Chutianga Red rot vei chu kan thliak anga kan her zung zung tur a ni.

iv)  Red rot awmna ah chuan crop rotation tih ngei tur a ni.

v)  Fu chi atan pawh Red rot vei lo ngei hman tur, a tihdam theihloh.

  b) Wilt :

  He natna hi fur ruahsur hnuah a lo lang deuh ber thin. Wilt natna vei fu hungte chu a mal emaw tam deuh pawh nise a thang thei lova, a ler lama hnahte a lo eng thin. A nasat phei chuan a kung pumpui a rova, a kung kawrawng a, a zan pawh a zang bawk.

Buaipui dan :

  Red rot natna buaipui dan ang tho.

TUI PEK :

  Fu hian tui a mamawh tam hle mai a, a enkawlna atana senso za a 30 (%) dawn hi tui ngaihtuahna atana hman a ni. Chutichung chuan fu chauh hi khawkheng/Khawro tuar chunga tha tawk tak thar thei awmchhun thlai a ni. Tui mamawh titlem thei zawnga fu huan enkawl dan awm ang ang pawh a sawt hle tih a hriat theih

  Vawikhat pek khawp chiah tui a awm anih chuan a peng pathumna a chawr huna pek tur a ni. Tui tum hnih pek khawp a awm anih erawh chuan a peng pahnihna leh pathumna a lo lanin pe ila fuin a chhawr ber hun a ni. Tui tum thum a peng hmasa ber, a dawttu leh a pathumna pen laia pek hi a hlawkin duhthu a sam ber.

  A pek dan thuah chuan fu chinna tura rihkhuar zawn zel (furrow) a pek hi phaizawlah chuan a tha. Tlangram hmun awih deuhva fu kan ching anih erawh chuan pipe emaw hmanraw remchang dang hmangin fu bi/khur taka pek a tha.

HLO THLAWH :

  Hlo thlawh hmasa ber (hnuh thual) chu fu phun hnu chawlhkar 3-4 velah nise, hei hi tuthlawh nen kuta tih a tha ber. Tunlaiah hi chuan fu huana hman tur hlo tûr chi hrang hrang a lo awm ta bawk. Fu huana hman atan chuan hnim chawr hma a hman chi Atrazine hectare khat hmuna kg 2 a.i. a taka kah phawta, chumi zawhah hnim chawr hnua hman chi, hlo hnahbial thahna 2,4D hectare khata zau atan kg 1 a.i. a hisapin fu phun hnu ni 60 velah kah leh tur a ni. Hetianga hlo tûr kah hian hlo a fai tha duh hle. A hnu lam atan kuta thlawh emaw hlo tûr bawk hman zui theih a ni. Fu huana hman chi hlo tûr dang chu Alachlor leh Atrazine (hlo lan hma a hman chi bawk hectare khat a zau fu hmuna kg 1-2 ai a hisap te, Glyphosate leh Paraquat hectare khat hmuna litre 0.25 -0.5 ai a hisapa kah tur a ni. Heng hi tui nena pawlh tur a ni. Glyphosate hian hlo engpawh a thah theih avangin fimkhur taka kah tur a ni. Paraquat leh 2,4D chawhpawlha fu phun hnu ni 15 leh 45 a kahin hnim a veng tha hle.

  Tuthlawh nena hlo thlawh hi lei ti dura boruak inpekkual velna pui tur leh tuiin lei a tihhnawn rual theih nan pawh a tangkai em em a ni. Chubakah fu bula leitha pek lei nena a inchawhpawlh that theihna atan a tul bawk.

  Kum khat emaw a aia reilova thar thlaite aiin fu hian hnim chim a haw daih a, a chhan chu a tlar leh bi kar zauh vangte, a tir lama a than chak loh vangte a ni ber. Scientist-ten an hmuh danin fu phun tirh lama fu huan hnim vangin hectare 1 hmun chauhvah pawh a thar ton 17.5 - 23.7 laiin a kiam thei. Hruizamin a bawm lek phei chuan ton 25 laiin a kiam thei. SBI a Scientist te hmuhdan phei chuan fu aiin hnimin a let li zetin Nitrogen leh Phosphorus an chuhchak zawk a, Potash pawh a let 2.5 laiin an chuhchak zawk bawk. Hei vang hian hlo thlawh hi ngaih pawimawh a ngai em em a ni.

  Hetiang tak anih avang hian fu phun thar kumah chuan phun hnu ni 30-45 inkar hi hlo ngaihmawh awm zual hun a ni a, kum 2-na atang chuan fu thliah hnu ni 30-90 chhung hi fu hmun thlawhfai ngaihzual lai a ni. Hei hi a lo chawr leh tiah tirh lai vel a ni.

A HNAHRO PAIH LEH FU TAWNKHAWM :

  Fu hnahro te hi phihthlak thin a tha a, fu tlar kara dah tur a ni. Hei hian lei atanga hnawng kal ral tur a ven bakah hlo a dip ve a, lei a ti tha bawk. A thu hrimah a ler lam atanga chhiar a a hnah 8-10 vel hi awm se a tawk mai.

  Fu hi a lo puitlin hnu hian a tlu duh hle mai a, a tluk loh pawhin leiah a zal nasa thei hle mai a, hei hian fu leh a tui quality a tichhe thei tih hria ila. Leitha pek tam luat vangte, thli tleh vangte, ruah tam vangte pawhin fu a tlu thei a, a ven nan a theih ang angin kan phuar khawm tur a ni a, anih loh pawhin mau leh thingtuai te sawhin a tlu tur dan nan ruahmanna kan siam thiam ang ang kan hmang tur a ni. A hnah rovin hung khat te tein an tawn bawk thin.

FU PENG TLAI LEH WATERSHOOT :

  Fu in than a lak vanglai takin khawi lai Iaiah emaw fu chawr chhah telh tulh thang duh bik hmuh tur a awm thin a. Hei hi watershoot an ti a. A puitling thuai a, a than chhung a rei loh avangin a tui quality pawh a tha lo. Tin, fu in a than vanglai a pelh hnuah si hian tui kawng bulah te, bial sirah te khawi lai laiah emaw fu bul thlenga ni eng a luh that theihna laiah fu peng khawtlai a lo chawr tuam tuam thei a. Fu puitling tawh atangin chaw an lo ei chhawng bawk thin a, fu thliah hunah chang 4-5 vel an lo nei hman tâwk thin. Heng hi fu thliah ruala thliah a her tel anih hian futui quality a ti chhia a, chu chuan kurtai leh chini pawh a ti hlawk lo. A hma lama kan sawi tak anga kum khat a seng zawh vek atana leileta fu chingtu tan phei chuan heng hi seng telve lohva, ran chaw atan an than len hmaa thliah zawk tur a ni. Keini fu huan enkawl dan angah chuan heng hi fu thliahin dim a ngai hle thung a, a hnuah duat taka enkawl zui tur a ni thung. Watershoot erawh chu paih ngei tur a ni.

THLAI DANG NENA CHIN PAWLH :

   Fu tlar kar leh a bi inkar hi a zauh em avangin thlai dang lo chin ve hi a rem viau mai a. Behlawi, alu, vaimim, mung leh thlai dang pawh a chin theih. Hetianga fu tlar leh a bi kara thlai dang chin avang hian hlo thlawh hau tak pawh a ziaawm phah a, a tir lamah phei chuan za a 60 laiin hlo thlawh hi ngai nep zawka chhut a ni. Thlai dang lo chin ve avang hian nasa takin ram kan hmang tangkaiin kan hlawkpui tih hria ila, thlai chin tur erawh chu thlan thiam a tha ang.

FU THLIAH :

  Fu hi a puitlin hnuah chauh seng tur a ni a, fu par chi anih chuan a par atanga thla hnih chhunga thliah vek tur. Thliah hian bul takah chauh sah chhum tur a ni. Fu thliak te pawh kan ti thin a, a bula tha taka tih tliah a har a, a bul a phawng duh bawk a, chem. emaw hmanraw dang pawh a hman theih. A bula a zung tihfai vek tur a ni a, a ler lamah pawh a thliah awlsamna chinah kan paih tur a ni a, fu hnah reng reng kan phih thla fai vek tur a ni. Lei, a zung leh thildang then fai loh hian fu tui, kurtai leh chini quality a ti chhe duh.

  Tui lian, kangmei leh vur tla tihchhiat a awm chuan seng hmasakah kan hmang ngei tur a ni a. Tin, fu chu a par a nih chuan seng thuai a ngai bawk.

  Fu thliah zawh veleh her zui mai ila a hlawk bera, darkar 24 chhung bak her lohva dah loh tur. Dah rei chuan a tui a tlem tial tiala, a sucrose pai pawh a tlahniam chak hle a ni. Chubakah fu sahna hnuhmaah hmuar a lo to thuai bawk. Hetiang anih chuan kurtai leh chini a siam pawh a ti buaithlak thei. Her lohva dahrei poh leh a tui a tlem in a hlawk lo a ni tih hria ila.

  Fu thliah huna thil thalo awm thei pumpelh dan tur engemawzat ala awm a, chungte chu :

1.  Fu puitling lo emaw naupang lutuk leh upa lutuk thliah loh a tha.

2. Thliah hnua chhe rang bik fu variety ho chu rang taka thiar khawm tur.

3.  Khawlum leh nisat lai chuan fu thliahsa te chu daihlima dah tur.

4.  Fu thliahsa te chu fu hnah emaw chhawl emaw a khuh a, a tihnawng tura tuia tih huh thin tur.

5.  Fu tanna hmawrah biocide thenkhat Polycide 2ml tui litre khat a pawlh emaw bactrinol -100 ppm a dala siama fu thliahsa dahkhawm a mi kahin a chhe tur darker 120 a veng thei.

6.  A hmawr leh lam leh lam tanna kha sucroguard a chiahin a sugar pai za a 0.9 (%) thlengin a chawikang leh thei, a chhan chu hei hian futuia microbial population (mitlawnga hmuh theih loh hrik) za a 70 laia a tih tlem vang ni.

FU TUI TIH THIANGHLIMNA :

  Futui kurtai atana kan chhuan hian a bal thei fu a, hemi tifai a, tithianghlima kurtai hmel timawi thei tura telh chi te chu.

1. Thlai lam :

1)  Bawrhsaiabe leh deola kung leh a zung

2)  Phalsa leh semul thing pil hring

3)  Suklai pil ro

4)  Mutih, badam leh bekang chi/mu

5)  A tam lam chu futui litre 100 ah gm 40-70 pawlh ila a tawk.

2.  Chemical :

  Engemawzat a awm a, mihring taksa tan a that loh avang leh kurtai a tih tui loh theih bakah a kawl that rei theih loh phah a, hman atan a tha lo.

FU PAR DAN DAN

  Fu par hi a duhawm loh, fu thar a ti hlawk lova, a quality a tihniam bawk. Chuvangin theih leh thiam ang anga dan emaw tih tlem tum tur a ni. A tihdan lar deuh deuh te chu :

1)  Fu par lo chi ngaihtuah a, chin tum tur, A ehhan chu a par chi anih chuan a vai pawhin a par mai zel vang a ni.

2)  Fu phun hun sawnin a par a ti tlem thei. Chu chu phun tlai deuh tur tihna ni ber. Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) ah chuan May thla hnua phun chu an phun kumin November thlaah a par lova, a kum lehah erawh chuan a par leh tho. Chutiang chuan April - May thla vela an phunin fu a par lo.

3)  Tui pek tlem : Tui pek nena fu an chinin lei hnawng hi fu tipar duhtu tak niin an hria a, a par hma thlakhat vel tui an pe lova, chu chuan fu par a titlem thei. Mahse, keini ruahtui tamna ramah hi chuan a sawt kher lovang.

4)  Damdawi hman : Hlo tûr Diquat 225 g emaw Paraquat 175 g fu huan hectare khat hmuna July chawlhkar thumna vela hmanin fu a par miah lova, fu kung leh chini thar a pung hle tih SBI Scientist ten an hmu. Chutiang bawkin Ethrel (ethephone) 0.25 kg/ha (500 ppm) July thla a hmanin fu par 50-100% in a tlem thei. Damdawi pawlh dan 100 ml tui 100 litre a pawlh in acre khat a zau kah nan a tawk, a kah hun hi hmun hrang hrangah a dang thei anga, mahse, July-August inkara an enchhinna a ni.